What do you think of when you picture a "saint"? Someone like
Francis of Assisi, perhaps, who gave up his worldly goods. Or a Mother Teresa,
making her life's work the rescue of India's outcasts. One type that does not
come to mind is an entrepreneur. But think about this for a moment: Is there
any law that says a saint cannot hold a regular job, excel in marketable skills
or build a business?
We forget that the apostles in the New Testament were fishermen
first, who learned about hard work and diligence in a market setting. We forget,
too, that for many centuries, and even today, monks have had to market goods
like wool and honey to the outside world to support their lives of prayer, reflection
and contemplation.
Thus I see nothing strange in hoping for the eventual canonization
of a New York hairdresser, a man named Pierre Toussaint. He overcame incredible
odds to become one of America's first rich, black professionals. In his life
we see capitalistic achievement and personal piety coexisting. Pope John Paul
II has already declared Toussaint "venerable," the first step in the process
of recognizing a saint.
Born into slavery on a sugar plantation in Haiti in 1766,
Toussaint was brought to New York by the son of his owner in 1787 to escape
the bloodshed of the Haitian slave revolts. Upon arrival, he began an apprenticeship
with a hairdresser. Toussaint was so good at his work that clients were soon
asking for his services.
Toussaint attended daily Mass, and was known for his piety,
honesty, charity and integrity. People said he radiated a serene and joyful
faith. After his owner died, Toussaint earned enough money to provide the widow,
Marie Bérard with the New York socialite's lifestyle to which she had
become accustomed. Toussaint paid the bills and issued the invitations to her
parties. Freed when Mrs. Bérard died, Toussaint became a wealthy benefactor
to Catholic charities in New York. He and Juliette Noel, the woman he married
when he was 45, took in homeless immigrants and other unfortunate people to
live with them.
Toussaint paid for the reconstruction of St. Peter's church
after it burned and helped raise money for the construction of the old St. Patrick's
Cathedral in lower Manhattan. None of this protected him from being turned away
from the cathedral one day in 1836 by an usher who didn't like the color of
his face. A scandalized trustee of the church heard about the insult, rebuked
the usher and apologized to Toussaint. When Toussaint died on June 30, 1853,
the New York press devoted numerous respectful obituaries to him.
John Cardinal O'Connor, Archbishop of New York, who is a backer
of Toussaint's canonization, had his remains moved from the cemetery of old
St. Patrick's into the crypt below the main altar of the Fifth Avenue St. Patrick's.
No layman has ever been similarly honored.
What a magnificent example Pierre Toussaint is for us all.
And yet he is not usually listed in the pantheon of great Americans. Is it because
he doesn't fit into either stereotype? Neither the saint in sackcloth nor the
profiteering businessman?
I don't know the answer, but there's truth to the complaint
I hear from businessmen that the practical virtues are not celebrated enough
in contemporary religious culture. Have you heard it said that "money is the
root of all evil"? This is a misquote. I Timothy 6:10 says something very different:
"The love of money is the root of all evil." Money is not evil; it feeds and
clothes us and it makes possible charity for the poor. It is the worshiping
of money that is evil.
Norman Darden is a black New York entrepreneur of humble beginnings
who has built a business of floor care services. Darden is writing a biography
of Toussaint. He says Toussaint's example inspired him to persevere in both
his faith and his business. That, in a nutshell, is why I am hoping for the
canonization of Pierre Toussaint. It would remind people that capitalism and
Christianity are not incompatible. Venerable Pierre Toussaint is dramatic proof
that doing business and doing good are not at all mutually exclusive.
Father Robert A. Sirico is president of the Acton Institute
for the Study of Religion and Liberty in Grand Rapids, Mich.
Acton Institute for
the Study of Religion and Liberty
161 Ottawa NW, Ste. 301 Grand Rapids, MI 49503 phone: (616) 454-3080 fax: (616) 454-9454
email:info@acton.org